High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin design for blast furnaces b. The correct design of the furnace proper is fundamental to reliable operation, metallurgical performance, sustained high productivity and long campaign life. Larger blast furnace, use of better prepared burden, recovery of waste energy, and maximum recovery of slag characterize the iron making technology proposed for vsp. Around 200 kld water will be required, especially for oxygen plant operation. For a pilot light model of furnace, the operation is similar but ignition does not depend on a control board to trigger an igniter. Blast furnace operation with 100% extruded briquettes charge article pdf available in isij international 551. This book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control, gas flow control and casthouse operation. This means that such a furnace is extremely stable in operation, and remains so even when it is scaled up to an enormous size. Mergers, acquisitions, name changes 575 adelta mfg co. Fuel is also used at double the rate of regular furnaces, so the number of items smelted per fuel stays the same. So, it will be important to keep good slag fluidity at the blast furnace operations such as, drainage of tapping and keeping good permeability. The changes of flow rate and heating value of blast furnace gas bfg make the boiler operation more like art than science. Media in category blast furnaces in the united states the following 10 files are in this category, out of 10 total. Europes biggest blast furnace a colossus being made fit for the future made in germany duration.
Beginning in july 1986 us troops provided logistical support for bolivian national police findanddestroy operations against cocaprocessing facilities in the chapare. Pmaops362a operate a blast furnace modification history release 1 new unit unit descriptor this unit of competency covers the skills and knowledge needed to operate a blast furnace. Gas furnace sequence of operation february 14, 2012 rick gas appliances, general, heating 3 comments today i want to give you a basic sequence of operation for a standard gas furnace aka 80% efficiency furnaces. The main control comes from the thermostat and once the thermostat tells the gas furnace control board it is time for the heat to come on the gas furnace control board takes over from there. Two mill lines, each having 25 thr capacity, were installed. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air sometimes with. The blast furnace hearth is filled with a layer of hot metal and a layer of slag floating on top. In this paper the importance of operation and maintenance and the. Supply voltage supply voltage to the furnace should be a nominal 115 volts.
The furnace cycles onoff by control of the gas flow alone, with the gas valve opening or closing in response to the thermostat demand. To remove the material the furnace is tapped 814 times per day through a taphole, with an average duration of 90180 minutes. A major advance in bf ironmaking has been the use of pulverized coal which partially replaces. We see time and time again, that technicians order multiple parts to repair a gas furnace. A typical oil furnace follows this operation sequence. The largest blast furnace in india at that time was of 2000 m 3. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated air is blown into the bottom. The positive effects, however, were longlasting, in that a basis for joint combined interagency cooperation had been forged, and blast furnace was an effective training exercise for bolivian and american personnel.
The blast furnace bf is the most widely used ironmaking. Furnace operation lab equipment and materials all personnel will wear the blue labcoats, latex gloves, and eye protection while in the cleanroom. Milestones of our blast furnace operation technologies tamura categorized our history of pigiron making into the following three periods, in an article. Blasts furnaces are used for smelting during the production of metals such as iron, lead, zinc, and copper. Production and development of large blast furnaces from. Pdfsam basic is free and open source and works on windows, mac and linux. This bot will play the blast furnace minigame with incredible efficiency. A furnace is an equipment used to melt metals for casting or to heat materials to change their shape e. Santanu chakraborty, in treatise on process metallurgy. It is suitable for students of metallurgy as well as. Dealing with large amounts of documentation requires attention to detail and.
Uniformity of blast furnace operation lehigh preserve. Comparative carbon footprints of metallurgical coke and. Modern blast furnaces have up to 4 tapholes through which both the slag and the hot metal are tapped. Blast furnaces are similar to furnaces, but can smelt only ore blocks and toolsarmor made of iron, gold or chainmail.
The discharge operation is executed with a tapping procedure, which is performed from furnace body to furnace heart level 8. Optimizing blast furnace operation to increase efficiency. The purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal. Beyond simplifying the process of creating pdf files from singlesource documents, power pdf empowers you and your employees to combine multiple files. Results are presented from the operation of three blast furnaces equipped with a tarasov calibrator at the azovstal metallurgical combine. Extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace introduction the common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. For new turnkey installations of any capacity as well as for plant rebuilds, the modern blast furnace designs produced by paul wurth are based on the concept of a freestanding unit with a. High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin. The molten slag, which absorbs much of the sulfur from the charge, comprises about 20. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Consequently the iron blast furnace is the largest machine used in modern industry, with volumes typically in the range 15003000 m 3, producing typically 25005000 tons per day and reaching as high as 10,000 tday.
The lead splash condenser, developed by imperial smelting, has permitted zinc to be condensed from blastfurnace gas high in co 2. Use of the calibrator ensures uniform circumferential distribution of the charge materials and furnace gases. Merge multiple pdf files into one with this online app. Eafs range in capacity from a few tons to as many as 400 tons, and a steelmaking shop can have from one to five furnaces. In electric arc furnace applications, anthracite also enjoys an advantage relative to metallurgical coke, but the advantage is not so great.
Gas furnace ignition control operation hvac heating. The electrodes and burner motor are energized, and air and oil start to flow through the burner. In brief, eafs can be either ac or dc powered and they melt steel by applying current to a steel scrap charge. Pdf reduction of blast furnace ironmaking carbon footprint. Describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of the process. Stateoftheart computational fluid dynamics model optimizes fuel rate in. Here, electric arc is produced between the electrodes. Development of a control strategy for the open slag bath. In practice it is the irregularities which fetch the superintendent out of bed at. What is the sequence of operation for an oil furnace. The brex in amount of 1005 tons per day are being melted in the blast furnace.
As blast furnace is the heart of the system, at first step, a nonlinear semiempirical mathematical model was developed based. The use of combinedblast is the main way to improve the. Hot metal is transferred to the torpedo ladle line to be picked up for chemical enrichment and basic oxygen furnace process. Blast furnace operation with natural gas ng injection is one of the effective measures to save energy, reduce co2 emission, and decrease environmental load for iron and steel industry. Compared to this, elsewhere furnaces up to 5070 m 3 had. The average effective volume of the 19 large blast furnaces and productivity were 4539. Therefore, the probability density function pdf is introduced to completely. This furnace control board controls much of the functions of this gas furnace with few exceptions. Ore docks, blast furnaces and steel mills, south chicago, ill. Gordon2 1department of metallurgy, ural federal university, russia 2department of metallurgy, hatch, canada abstract the world production of hot metal and pig iron in 2012 reached 1. Operation of blast furnaces at the azovstal metallurgical. Blast furnace modern furnaces are equipped with an array of supporting facilities to increase efficiency, such as ore storage yards where barges are unloaded. This section introduces furnaces and refractories and explains the various design and operation aspects.
Electric arc furnace means an extremely hot enclosed space, where heat is produced by means of electrical arcing for melting certain metals such as scrap steel without changing electrochemical properties of the metal. Quickly merge multiple pdf files or part of them into a single one. See schematic supplied with thermostat for proper connections. Knowing the sequence of operation of a gas furnace will save time and money on troubleshooting calls. Material covering the exact size of the older group cannot be found but from the area covered by the ruins it was approximately 50 ft. Apply to production, helper, rolling mill trainee and more. Heat and mass balance simulations of the integrated blast furnacecombine cycle. The molten iron is tapped at regular intervals by opening a taphole with a tapping machine. Earlier attempts with high co furnace gas resulted in low thermal efficiency and reduction of iron oxides. A required amount of the washing brex made of the manganese ore fines 3 mm size with 5% of portland cement as the binder are also produced according to the operation schedule.
Blastfurnace operation with the addition of natural gas to the blast. Consult nec, cec or local codes for proper wire and circuit sizing. The furnaces were 50 feet high and 15 feet wide at the bosh. Comparative performance evaluation of blast furnace ame. The principle of blast furnace operational technology and.
Sequence of operation gas furnaces ferguson heating. Full battle gear is required for the rca cleaning step and bhf etch step. The use of combinedblast is the main way to improve the energy efficiency of blast furnaces n. Blast furnace operation with natural gas injection and. What is the sequence of operation for an electric furnace. The operation has started in the may 2011 with 10% of the brex in the charge. Blast furnace operation with 100% extruded briquettes charge. Supply voltage to the furnace should be checked with the furnace in operation. Low voltage wiring to unit may be nec class 2 and must be a minimum of 18 a. Pfr for increasing the production capacity of blast. You can also use the add opened files option to choose between any pdf files currently open in pdf architect. Advance is a manufacturer of boiler controls and relay packages. One of the great essentials for the attainment of high effi ciency of furnace operation is the careful striving of the en gineer for uniformity of working conditions.
Blast furnace design ironmaking our activities site. The fourmonth operation depressed coca prices below production costs, but things returned to normal at the end of the operation. The length varies approximately between 6 m and 15 m. After the start of the plant, the equipment operation and injection operation functioned smoothly, establishing a stable production system. Heating furnace basic operating steps hot air heat. Sequence of operations gas furnace flashcards quizlet. Zhang, blast furnace operation with full oxygen blast, ironmaking. High temperature gloves needed for handling the hot quartz furnace tube cap. The zinc furnace permits treatment of complex zinclead ores. Once the pilot is lit manually, it stays lit and is the ignition source. Erie designs, manufactures, and markets zone control valves, damper operators, and controllers. It consists primarily of silicates, aluminosilicates, and calciumaluminasilicates.
Capacity and operation of the kumera anode furnace the batch capacities of kumera anode furnaces are between 100650 tons and the drum diameters from 3. Application of the unit this unit applies to a plant technician who has the responsibility for the operation of a blast. So, it works for all operating systems including mac, windows, and linux. Although a successful blast furnace operation is run by panzhihua iron and steel corporation in china with tio2 content in their ore of 10. Blast furnace operation an overview sciencedirect topics.
Increasing the al 2 o 3 content in the blast furnace slag, the blast furnace operations tend to make troubles such as excess accumulation of molten slag in the blast furnace hearth and increasing pressure drop at the lower part of the blast furnace. The blast furnace proper was square in shape and built in the form of a stack which tapered toward the top. Pfr for increasing the production capacity of blast furnaces by 58000 tpa page 10 viii availability of water its source, energy power requirement and source should be given. The furnace fan comes on either as a result of the furnace being energized or when the fan control switch senses adequate temperature.